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CECIL

TEXT BOOK of MEDICINE

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Contributors

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Nezam H. Afdhal, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Chief of Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Diseases of the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts

Masood Akhtar, MD
Clinical Professor of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health; Section Head, Cardiovascular Disease Section, and Director, Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Disease Fellowship, Aurora Sinai Medical Center; Director, Arrhythmia Service, Milwaukee Heart Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Cardiac Arrhythmias with Supraventricular Origin

Cem Akin, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Mastocytosis

Ban Mishu Allos, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine and Preventive Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Campylobacter Infections

David Altshuler, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Genetics and of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Department of Molecular Biology, Center of Human Genetic Research and Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital; Director, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts; The Inherited Basis of Common Diseases

Michael J. Aminoff, MD, DSc
Professor of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine; Attending Physician, University of California San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California; Approach to the Patient with Neurologic Disease; Mechanical and Other Lesions of the Spine, Nerve Roots, and Spinal Cord

Jeffrey L. Anderson, MD
Professor of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine; Associate Chief of Cardiology, LDS Hospital, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah; ST Segment Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction and Complications of Myocardial Infarction

Karl E. Anderson, MD
Professor, Departments of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, Internal Medicine, and Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch; Member, Medical Staff, University of Texas Medical Branch Hospital, Galveston, Texas; The Porphyrias

Larry J. Anderson, MD
Director, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Coronaviruses

Nicholas Anthonisen, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine and Dean Emeritus, University of Manitoba Faculty of Medicine; Respiratory Hospital, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Karen Antman, MD
Provost, Boston University Medical Campus, and Dean, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Sarcomas of Soft Tissue

Aśok C. Antony, MD, FACP
Professor of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine; Attending Physician, Indiana University Hospitals and The Richard Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana; Megaloblastic Anemias

Michael A. Apicella, MD
Professor and Head, Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa; Meningococcal Infections

Gerald B. Appel, MD
Professor of Clinical Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons; Director of Clinical Nephrology, New York–Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York; Glomerular Disorders and Nephrotic Syndromes

Frederick R. Appelbaum, MD
Professor and Head, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine; Member and Director, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; The Acute Leukemias

Gordon L. Archer, MD
Associate Dean for Research and Professor of Medicine and Microbiology/Immunology, Medical College of Virginia Campus of Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia; Staphylococcal Infections

William P. Arend, MD
Endowed Chair in Rheumatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; Approach to the Patient with Rheumatic Disease

Paul M. Arguin, MD
Commander and Medical Epidemiologist, U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Atlanta, Georgia; Approach to the Patient before and after Travel

James O. Armitage, MD
Professor, Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, University of Nebraska College of Medicine; Section of Hematology and Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; Approach to the Patient with Lymphadenopathy and Splenomegaly; Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas; Venomous Snake Bites

Cheryl A. Armstrong, MD
Associate Professor, Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado; Examination of the Skin and Approach to Diagnosing Skin Diseases

M. Amin Arnaout, MD
Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Chief, Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Cystic Kidney Diseases

David Atkins, MD, MPH
Chief Medical Officer, Center for Outcomes and Evidence, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, Maryland; The Periodic Health Examination

Dennis Ausiello, MD
Jackson Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Physician-in-Chief, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Approach to Medicine, the Patient, and the Medical Profession: Medicine as a Learned and Humane Profession; Disorders of Sodium and Water Homeostasis

Ricardo Azziz, MD, MPH, MBA
Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Chief, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Hirsutism

Bruce R. Bacon, MD
James F. King, MD, Endowed Chair in Gastroenterology, Professor of Internal Medicine, and Director, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Iron Overload (Hemochromatosis)

Grover C. Bagby, Jr. MD
Professor of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University School of Medicine; Director, Oregon Health & Science University Cancer Center; Scientist, Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon; Leukopenia and Leukocytosis

Dean F. Bajorin, MD
Professor of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University; Attending Physician, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Tumors of the Kidney, Bladder, Ureters, and Renal Pelvis

Laurence H. Baker, DO
Professor of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School; Chairman, Southwest Oncology Group, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Bone Tumors: Primary and Metastatic Bone Lesions

Mark Ballow, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo; Chief, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Women and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo, New York; Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases

Robert W. Baloh, MD
Professor of Neurology and Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Attending Physician, UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Neuro-ophthalmology; Smell and Taste; Hearing and Equilibrium

Alan F. Barker, MD
Professor of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University School of Medicine, Portland, Oregon; Bronchiectasis, Atelectasis, Cysts, and Localized Lung Disorders

Anna D. Barker, PhD
Deputy Director, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Cancer Biomarkers

A. James Barkovich, MD
Professor of Radiology, Neurology, Pediatrics, and Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California; Congenital, Developmental, and Neurocutaneous Disorders

Richard J. Barohn, MD
Professor of Neurology, University of Kansas School of Medicine; Chairman, Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Muscle Diseases

Murray G. Baron, MD
Professor of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine; Attending Physician, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia; Radiology of the Heart

Elizabeth Barrett-Connor, MD
Professor of Family and Preventive Medicine and Medicine and Chief, Division of Epidemiology, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California; Menopause

Michael J. Barry, MD
Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Chief, General Medicine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Benign Prostate Disease and Prostatitis

Bruce A. Barshop, MD, PhD
Professor of Clinical Pediatrics and Benard L. Maas Chair in Inherited Metabolic Disease, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California; Homocystinuria and Hyperhomocysteinemia

Robyn J. Barst, MD
Professor of Pediatrics in Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons; Director, Pulmonary Hypertension Center, New York–Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, New York; Pulmonary Hypertension

John G. Bartlett, MD
Professor of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Chief, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland; Bioterrorism; Clostridial Infections; Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Robert C. Basner, MD
Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons; Director, Cardiopulmonary Sleep and Ventilatory Disorders Center; Director, Pulmonary Diagnostic Unit, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome

Stephen G. Baum, MD
Professor of Medicine, Microbiology, and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Chairman, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, New York; Mycoplasma Infections

Arnold S. Bayer, MD, FACP, FCCP
Professor of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles; Associate Chief, Infectious Disease, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California; Infective Endocarditis

Hasan Bazari, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Attending Physician, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Approach to the Patient with Renal Disease

John H. Beigel, MD
Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Antiviral Therapy (Non-HIV)

Michael Bell, MD
Chief, Epidemiology Unit, Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers

George A. Beller, MD
Ruth C. Heede Professor of Cardiology and Professor of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine; University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia; Nuclear Cardiology and Computed Tomography

Robert M. Bennett, MD
Professor of Medicine and Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University School of Medicine, Portland, Oregon; Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Neal L. Benowitz, MD
Professor of Medicine, Psychiatry, and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine; Chief, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California; Tobacco

Nora V. Bergasa, MD
Professor of Medicine, State University of New York at Downstate Medical Center; Vice Chair of Medicine, Woodhull Medical and Mental Health Center, Brooklyn, New York; Approach to the Patient with Liver Disease

Joseph R. Berger, MD
Ruth L. Works Professor and Chairman, Department of Neurology; Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky; Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr Virus, and Slow Virus Infections of the Central Nervous System; Neurologic Complications of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection; Acute Viral Encephalitis; Poliomyelitis; Rabies

Paul D. Berk, MD
Professor of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons; Attending Physician, New York–Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York; Approach to the Patient with Jaundice or Abnormal Liver Test Results

Philip J. Bierman, MD
Associate Professor of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas

J. Andrew Billings, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine and Co-Director, Harvard Medical School Center for Palliative Care, Harvard Medical School; Director, Palliative Care Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Care of Dying Patients and Their Families

Alan L. Bisno, MD
Professor Emeritus, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Rheumatic Fever

Bruce R. Bistrian, MD, PhD, MPH
Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Chief, Clinical Nutrition, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Nutritional Assessment

Joseph J. Biundo, MD
Clinical Professor of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana; Bursitis, Tendinitis, and Other Periarticular Disorders, and Sports Medicine

David J. Bjorkman, MD
Dean and Professor of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage and Occult Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Martin J. Blaser, MD
Frederick H. King Professor of Internal Medicine, Professor of Microbiology, and Chair, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York; Acid Peptic Disease: Epidemiology and Pathobiology; Acid Peptic Disease: Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis; Campylobacter Infections

William A. Blattner, MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Director, Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Institute of Human Virology, Baltimore, Maryland; Retroviruses Other than Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Thomas P. Bleck, MD
Vice Chair for Academic Affairs and Professor of Neurology, Neurological Surgery, and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; The Ruth Cain Ruggles Chairman of Neurology, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare, Evanston, Illinois; Arthropod-Borne Viruses Affecting the Central Nervous System

Linda K. Bockenstedt, MD
Professor of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Lyme Disease

Jean Bolognia, MD
Professor of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Infections, Hyper- and Hypopigmentation, Regional Dermatology, and Distinctive Lesions in Black Skin

Larry Borish, MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine; Staff Physician, University of Virginia Health Systems, Charlottesville, Virginia; Allergic Rhinitis and Sinusitis

Randall Brand, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Evanston Northwestern Healthcare, Glenview, Illinois; Pancreatic Cancer

Itzhak Brook, MD, MSc
Professor of Pediatrics and Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine; Attending Physician, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Actinomycosis

Phillip A. Brunell, MD
Professor Emeritus of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Special Volunteer, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Measles (Rubeola Virus Infection); Rubella (German Measles); Varicella (Chickenpox, Shingles)

Robert C. Brunham, MD, FRCP
Professor of Medicine, University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine; Executive Director and Scientific Director, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Diseases Caused by Chlamydiae

John C.M. Brust, MD
Professor of Clinical Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons; Director, Department of Neurology, Harlem Hospital Center, New York, New York; Nutrition- and Alcohol-Related Neurologic Disorders

David M. Buchner, MD, MPH
Chief, Physical Activity and Health Branch, Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Physical Activity

Daniel Burkhoff, MD, PhD
Adjunct Associate Professor of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons; Adjunct Associate Attending of Medicine, New York–Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York; Cardiac Function and Circulatory Control

Joel N. Buxbaum, MD
Professor and Head, Division of Research Rheumatology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California; The Amyloidoses

Peter A. Calabresi, MD
Associate Professor of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Director, Multiple Sclerosis Center, and Co-Director, Division of Neuroimmunology and Neuroinfectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland; Multiple Sclerosis and Demyelinating Conditions of the Central Nervous System

Hugh Calkins, MD
Professor of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Director of Electrophysiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland; Principles of Electrophysiology

Michael Camilleri, MD
Atherton and Winifred W. Bean Professor and Professor of Medicine and Physiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; Consultant in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Disorders of Gastrointestinal Motility

Grant W. Cannon, MD
Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Utah School of Medicine; Associate Chief of Staff for Academic Affiliations, George E. Wahlen Veterans Administration Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Immunosuppressing Drugs Including Corticosteroids

Blase A. Carabello, MD
Professor of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine; Medical Careline Executive, Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Houston, Texas; Valvular Heart Disease

Edgar M. Carvalho, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine, Universidade Federal da Bahia; Professor of Immunology, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública; Head, Immunology Service, Hospital Universitário Prof. Edgard Santos, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil; Schistosomiasis (Bilharziasis)

Agustin Castellanos, MD
Professor of Medicine and Physiology and American Heart Association Chair in Cardiovascular Research, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Approach to Cardiac Arrest and Life-Threatening Arrhythmias

Hugo Castro-Malaspina, MD
Associate Professor, Weill Medical College of Cornell University; Associate Member, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Aplastic Anemia and Related Disorders

Stephen D. Cederbaum, MD
Professor of Psychiatry, Pediatrics, and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Attending Physician, UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Disorders of Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Metabolism; Diseases of the Urea Cycle

Bartolome R. Celli, MD
Professor of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine; Chief, Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Caritas–St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Diseases of the Diaphragm, Chest Wall, Pleura, and Mediastinum

Raju S.K. Chaganti, PhD
Professor of Cell Biology, Gerstner Graduate School, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; Professor of Cell Biology and Genetics, Weill-Cornell Medical Center; Attending Geneticist and Cytogeneticist, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Genetics of Cancer

David C. Christiani, MD, MPH
Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Professor of Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health; Physician, Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Physical and Chemical Injuries of the Lung

David R. Clemmons, MD
Chief, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, and Sarah Graham Kenan Professor of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Principles of Endocrinology

Steven L. Cohn, MD, FACP
Clinical Professor of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center College of Medicine; Chief, Division of General Internal Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York; Preoperative Evaluation

Joseph M. Connors, MD
Clinical Professor, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine; Chair, Lymphoma Tumor Group, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Hodgkin's Lymphoma

Deborah J. Cook, MD, MSc (Epid), FRCPC
Professor of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, McMaster University Faculty of Medicine; Academic Chair, Critical Care Medicine, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Approach to the Patient in a Critical Care Setting

G. Ralph Corey, MD
Professor of Medicine and Infectious Disease, Duke University School of Medicine; Gary Hock Distinguished Professor of Medicine and Director, Hubert/Yeargan Center for Global Health, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Venomous Snake Bites

Kenneth H. Cowan, MD, PhD
Professor, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, and Professor, Section of Oncology/Hematology, University of Nebraska Medical Center; Director, UNMC Eppley Cancer Center; Director, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, Omaha, Nebraska; Biology of Cancer

William A. Craig, MD
Emeritus Professor of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health; Consultant, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Affairs Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin; Antibacterial Therapy

Michael H. Criqui, MD, MPH
Professor, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine and Department of Medicine, and Director, Preventive Cardiology Academic Award, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California; Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease

Mary K. Crow, MD
Professor of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University; Benjamin M. Rosen Chair in Immunology and Inflammation Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York; Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Mark R. Cullen, MD
Professor of Medicine and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Principles of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Gary C. Curhan, MD, DSc
Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Associate Professor of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health; Attending Physician, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Nephrolithiasis

Edward Curtiss, MD∗
Formerly Dean of Admissions and Professor of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Formerly Director, Central Heart Station, Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Electrocardiography

F. Michael Cutrer, MD
Assistant Professor, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; Consultant, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Headaches and Other Head Pain

Inger K. Damon, MD, PhD
Adjunct Clinical Faculty, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine; Chief (Acting) Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Smallpox, Monkeypox, and Other Poxvirus Infections

Troy E. Daniels, DDS, MS
Professor, University of California, San Francisco, Schools of Dentistry and Medicine, San Francisco, California; Diseases of the Mouth and Salivary Glands

Lisa M. DeAngelis, MD
Professor of Neurology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University; Chairman, Department of Neurology, and Attending Neurologist, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Tumors of the Central Nervous System and Intracranial Hypertension and Hypotension

Leonard J. Deftos, MD, JD
Professor of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla; Physician, San Diego Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, California; Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma and Calcitonin

Carlos del Rio, MD
Professor of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine; Chief of Medical Services, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia; Prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Robert H. Demling, MD
Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School; Director of Education and Research, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Medical Aspects of Trauma and Burn Care

Robert J. Desnick, MD, PhD
Professor and Chair, Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Mount Sinai School of Medicine; Attending Physician, Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York; Lysosomal Storage Diseases

Patricia A. Deuster, PhD, MPH
Professor, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland; Rhabdomyolysis

Robert B. Diasio, MD
Professor of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Professor of Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; Director, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Principles of Drug Therapy

Anna Mae Diehl, MD
Professor, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University School of Medicine; Chief, Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

John M. Douglas, Jr., MD
Director, Division of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Prevention, National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, and Tuberculosis Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Papillomavirus

Jeffrey M. Drazen, MD
Distinguished Parker B. Francis Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Senior Physician, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Editor-in-Chief, New England Journal of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Asthma

Stephen C. Dreskin, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine and Immunology, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Practice Director, Allergy and Rheumatology, University of Colorado Hospital, Denver, Colorado; Urticaria and Angioedema

W. Lawrence Drew, MD, PhD
Professor of Laboratory Medicine and Medicine and Director, Clinical Virology Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine; Chief, Infectious Diseases, UCSF Medical Center at Mount Zion, San Francisco, California; Cytomegalovirus

Mark K. Drezner, MD, PhD
Professor, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health; Attending Physician, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin; Osteomalacia and Rickets

Raymond N. DuBois, MD, PhD
Professor of Cancer Medicine and Biology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Neoplasms of the Large and Small Intestine

Thomas D. DuBose, Jr., MD
Tinsley R. Harrison Professor and Chair of Internal Medicine and Professor of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine; Chief, Internal Medicine Service, North Carolina Baptist Hospital, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Vascular Disorders of the Kidney

Herbert L. DuPont, MD
H. Irving Schweppe, Jr., Chair of Internal Medicine and Vice Chairman, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine; Chief Internal Medicine, St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital; Director, Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Texas–Houston School of Public Health, Houston, Texas; Approach to the Patient with Suspected Enteric Infection

Madeleine Duvic, MD
Professor of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University of Texas Medical School—Houston; Chairman, Department of Dermatology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Urticaria, Drug Hypersensitivity Rashes, Nodules and Tumors, and Atrophic Diseases

Paul H. Edelstein, MD
Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Director, Clinical Microbiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Legionella Infections

Lawrence H. Einhorn, MD
Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Testicular Cancer

Ronald J. Elin, MD, PhD
A. J. Miller Professor and Chair, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine; Medical Director, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville Hospital, Louisville, Kentucky; Reference Intervals and Laboratory Values

George M. Eliopoulos, MD
Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Physician, Division of Infectious Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Principles of Anti-infective Therapy

Diane L. Elliot, MD
Professor of Medicine, Division of Health Promotion and Sports Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University School of Medicine, Portland, Oregon; Pregnancy: Hypertension and Other Common Medical Problems

Louis J. Elsas, II, MD
Professor of Pediatrics and Biochemistry and Director, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Center for Medical Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Active Admitting Staff/Faculty, Jackson Memorial Hospital and Miami Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida; Approach to Inborn Errors of Metabolism; Galactosemia; Branched-Chain Aminoacidurias

Ezekiel J. Emanuel, MD, PhD
Chair, Department of Clinical Bioethics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Bioethics in the Practice of Medicine

Gregory F. Erickson, PhD
Professor Emeritus, Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla California; Ovaries and Development; Menstrual Cycle and Fertility

Joel D. Ernst, MD
Director, Division of Infectious Diseases; Jeffrey Bergstein Professor of Medicine; Professor of Medicine, Pathology, and Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine; Attending Physician, Bellevue Hospital Center, Tisch Hospital, and New York University Medical Center, New York, New York; Leprosy (Hansen's Disease)

Luis R. Espinoza, MD
Professor and Chief, Section of Rheumatology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine at New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana; Infections of Bursae, Joints, and Bones

David S. Ettinger, MD
Alex Grass Professor of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Lung Cancer and Other Pulmonary Neoplasms

Murray J. Favus, MD
Professor of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine; Attending Physician and Director, Bone Program, University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago, Illinois; Mineral and Bone Homeostasis

David P. Faxon, MD
Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Chief, Section of Cardiology, West Roxbury Veterans Affairs Health System, West Roxbury; Director, Strategic Planning, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Catheterization and Angiography

Aaron Fay, MD
Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School; Interim Director, Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts; Diseases of the Visual System

Judith E. Feinberg, MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Attending Physician, University Hospital and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Pneumocystis Pneumonia

Eva L. Feldman, MD, PhD
Russell N. DeJong Professor, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Other Motor Neuron Diseases

Stephan D. Fihn, MD, MPH
Head, Division of General Internal Medicine, and Professor, Departments of Medicine and Health Services, University of Washington School of Medicine; Director, Veterans Affairs Northwest Health Services Research and Development Center of Excellence, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington; Measuring Health and Health Care

Sydney M. Finegold, MD
Emeritus Professor of Medicine and of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Staff Physician, Infectious Diseases Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center West Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Lung Abscess

Gary S. Firestein, MD
Professor of Medicine and Chief, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California; Mechanisms of Inflammation and Tissue Repair

Neil Fishman, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Director, Department of Healthcare, Epidemiology, and Infection Control, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Prevention and Control of Hospital-Acquired Infections

Garret A. FitzGerald, MD, DSc
Professor of Medicine and Elmer Bobst Professor of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Prostaglandins, Aspirin, and Related Compounds

Marsha D. Ford, MD
Adjunct Professor of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill; Director, Carolinas Poison Center, and Director, Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina; Acute Poisoning

Vance G. Fowler, Jr., MD, MHS
Associate Professor, Division of Infective Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; Infective Endocarditis

Jay W. Fox, PhD
Professor, Department of Microbiology, and Assistant Dean for Research, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia; Venoms and Poisons from Marine Organisms

David O. Freedman, MD
Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, William C. Gorgas Center for Geographic Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama; Filariasis

Linda P. Fried, MD, MPH
Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Director, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, and Director, Center on Aging and Health, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland; Epidemiology of Aging: Implications of the Aging of Society

Valentin Fuster, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine; Director, Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, and Director, Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York; Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology

Kenneth L. Gage, PhD
Chief, Flea-Borne Diseases Activity, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Plague and Other Yersinia Infections

Robert F. Gagel, MD
Professor of Medicine and Head, Division of Internal Medicine, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Endocrine Manifestations of Tumors: “Ectopic” Hormone Production; Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma and Calcitonin

John N. Galgiani, MD
Professor and Director, Valley Fever Center for Excellence, University of Arizona College of Medicine; Program Director for Infectious Diseases, Southern Arizona Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Tucson, Arizona; Coccidioidomycosis

Eithan Galun, MD
Professor of Gene Therapy, Hebrew University Medical School; Director, Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel; Cell and Gene Therapy

Leonard Ganz, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Staff Electrophysiologist, Western Pennsylvania Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Electrocardiography

Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao, MD
Professor of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven; Chief, Digestive Diseases Section, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut; Cirrhosis and Its Sequelae

Jonathan D. Gates, MD
Assistant Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School; Director, Trauma Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Medical Aspects of Trauma and Burn Care

M. Eric Gershwin, MD
Distinguished Professor of Medicine and Chief, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, California; Sjögren's Syndrome

Gordon N. Gill, MD
Professor of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California; Principles of Endocrinology

D. Gary Gilliland, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Senior Physician, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Myelodysplastic Syndrome

Gordon D. Ginder, MD
Professor of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Medical College of Virginia Campus of Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine; Director, Massey Cancer Center, and Lipman Chair in Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; Microcytic and Hypochromic Anemias

Jeffrey Ginsberg, MD
Professor, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences at McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Peripheral Venous Disease

Carol A. Glaser, MD
Chief, California Department of Health Services, Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, Richmond, California; Amebiasis

Michael Glogauer, DDS, PhD
Associate Professor, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine and University of Toronto Faculty of Dentistry; Periodontist, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Disorders of Phagocyte Function

John W. Gnann, Jr., MD
Professor of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama School of Medicine and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama; Mumps

David E. Golan, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine and Professor of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School; Attending Physician, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Hemolytic Anemias: Red Cell Membrane and Metabolic Defects

Marcia B. Goldberg, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Attending Physician, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Shigellosis

Victor M. Goldberg, MD
Professor of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine; Attending Physician, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio; Surgical Treatment of Joint Diseases

Lee Goldman, MD, MPH
Executive Vice President for Health and Biomedical Sciences, Columbia University; Dean of the Faculties of Health Sciences and Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; Approach to Medicine, the Patient, and the Medical Profession: Medicine as a Learned and Humane Profession; Approach to the Patient with Possible Cardiovascular Disease

Ellie J.C. Goldstein, MD
Clinical Professor of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles; Director, R. M. Alden Research Laboratory, Santa Monica, California; Diseases Caused by Non–Spore-Forming Anaerobic Bacteria

Lawrence T. Goodnough, MD
Professor of Pathology and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; Director, Transfusion Service, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California; Transfusion Medicine

Jörg J. Goronzy, MD, PhD
Mason I. Lowance, MD, Professor of Medicine, and Director, Kathleen B. and Mason I. Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; The Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems

Eduardo Gotuzzo, MD
Professor, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; Chief, Department of Infectious, Tropical, and Dermatologic Diseases, Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Cholera and Other Vibrio Infections

Deborah Grady, MD, MPH
Associate Dean for Clinical and Translational Research, University of California, San Francisco, Schools of Medicine and Nursing; Professor of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine; Director, UCSF Women's Health Clinical Research Center, San Francisco, California; Menopause

Leslie C. Grammer, MD
Professor of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; Clinical Chief, Allergy-Immunology Division, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois; Drug Allergy

F. Anthony Greco, MD
Medical Director, Sarah Cannon Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Cancer of Unknown Primary Origin

Peter K. Gregersen, MD
Professor of Medicine and Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York; Investigator and Director, Robert S. Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore LIJ Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York; The Major Histocompatibility Complex

Edward C. Grendys, Jr., MD
Associate Clinical Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Florida Gynecologic Oncology, Bonita Springs, Florida; Management of Neoplastic Diseases during Pregnancy

Robert C. Griggs, MD
Professor and Chair of Neurology and Professor of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry; Neurologist-in-Chief, Strong Memorial Hospital, Rochester, New York; Approach to the Patient with Neurologic Disease

Lisa M. Guay-Woodford, MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama; Hereditary Nephropathies and Abnormalities of the Urinary Tract

Richard L. Guerrant, MD
Thomas H. Hunter Professor of International Medicine and Director, Center for Global Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia; Escherichia Enteric Infections

David Hackney, MD
Professor of Radiology, Harvard Medical School; Chief of Neuroradiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Radiologic Imaging Procedures

Colleen Hadigan, MD, MPH
Staff Clinician, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

John D. Hainsworth, MD
Chief Scientific Officer, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, Tennessee; Cancer of Unknown Primary Origin

Judith G. Hall, MD, MS
Professor Emerita of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine and British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Single-Gene and Chromosomal Disorders

Kenneth R. Hande, MD
Professor of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Vanderbilt/Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Multiple-Organ Systems: Carcinoid Syndrome

H. Hunter Handsfield, MD
Clinical Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Washington Center for AIDS and STD; Senior Research Leader, Battelle Centers for Public Health Research and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington; Gonococcal Infections

Nancy Harris, MD
Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas

Raymond C. Harris, MD
Ann and Roscoe R. Robinson Professor of Medicine, and Chief, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Diabetes and the Kidney

Stephen Crane Hauser, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; Consultant in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Vascular Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract

Frederick G. Hayden, MD
Stuart S. Richardson Professor of Clinical Virology and Professor of Medicine and Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine; Staff Physician, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia; Antiviral Therapy (Non-HIV); Influenza

Letha Healey, MD
Staff Clinician, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Douglas C. Heimburger, MD, MS
Professor of Nutrition Sciences and Professor of Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine; Director, Medical Nutrition Services, University of Alabama Hospital and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama; Nutrition's Interface with Health and Disease

David K. Henderson, MD
Deputy Director for Clinical Care, Hospital Epidemiologist, and Senior Investigator, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Prevention and Control of Hospital-Acquired Infections

J. Owen Hendley, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia; The Common Cold

Janet B. Henrich, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine and of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Approach to Women's Health

Michael S. Hershfield, MD
Professor of Medicine and Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Disorders of Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism

Erik L. Hewlett, MD
Professor of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia; Whooping Cough and Other Bordetella Infections

William R. Hiatt, MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine; President, Colorado Prevention Center, Denver, Colorado; Atherosclerotic Peripheral Arterial Disease

Richard E. Hillman, MD
Professor of Child Health, Biochemistry, and Pathology, University of Missouri School of Medicine and University of Missouri Hospital and Clinics, Columbia, Missouri; Primary Hyperoxaluria

Jack Hirsh, MD, FRCP, FRACP, FRSC, DSc
Professor Emeritus, McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences; Consultant, Intellectual Property, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Henderson Research Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Antithrombotic Therapy

Craig J. Hoesley, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama; Disease Caused by Bartonella Species

V. Michael Holers, MD
Professor of Medicine and Immunology, Head, Division of Rheumatology, and Smyth Professor of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado; Complement in Health and Disease

Steven M. Holland, MD
Chief, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; The Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

David R. Holmes, Jr., MD
Professor of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; Consultant, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Cardiogenic Shock

Waun Ki Hong, MD
American Cancer Society Professor; Samsung Distinguished University Chair in Cancer Medicine; Head, Division of Cancer Medicine; Professor, Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Cancer Prevention

Jay H. Hoofnagle, MD
Director, Liver Disease Research Branch, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Acute Viral Hepatitis; Chronic Hepatitis

Edward W. Hook, III, MD
Professor of Medicine, Microbiology, and Epidemiology, University of Alabama School of Medicine; Medical Director, Sexually Transmitted Disease Program, Jefferson County Department of Health, Birmingham, Alabama; Chancroid; Granuloma Inguinale (Donovanosis); Syphilis; Nonsyphilitic Treponematoses

Keith A. Hruska, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Cell Biology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine; Director, Pediatric Nephrology, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri; Renal Osteodystrophy

Laurence Huang, MD, MAS
Associate Professor of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine; Chief, AIDS Chest Clinic, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California; Pulmonary Manifestations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Leonard D. Hudson, MD
Professor of Medicine and Endowed Chair in Pulmonary Disease Research, University of Washington School of Medicine; Attending Physician, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Washington; Acute Respiratory Failure; Mechanical Ventilation

Steven E. Hyman, MD
Professor of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, and Provost, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Biology of Addiction

Robert D. Inman, MD
Professor of Medicine and Immunology, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine; Consultant Rheumatologist, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; The Spondyloarthropathies

Sharon K. Inouye, MD, MPH
Professor of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Director, Aging Brain Center, Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew Senior Life, Boston, Massachusetts; Neuropsychiatric Aspects of Aging; Delirium and Other Mental Status Problems in the Older Patient

Karl L. Insogna, MD
Professor of Medicine and Clinical Director, Yale University School of Medicine; Director, Yale Diabetes Center, Yale–New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut; The Parathyroid Glands, Hypercalcemia, and Hypocalcemia

Silvio E. Inzucchi, MD
Professor of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and Clinical Director, Section of Endocrinology, Yale School of Medicine; Director, Yale Diabetes Center, Yale–New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut; Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus; Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Michael D. Iseman, MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, and Professor of Medicine, Mycobacterial and Respiratory Infections Section, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, Colorado; Tuberculosis

Eric M. Isselbacher, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Associate Director, Massachusetts General Hospital Heart Center, and Co-Director, Thoracic Aortic Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Diseases of the Aorta

Michael D. Jensen, MD
Professor of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Obesity

Robert T. Jensen, MD
Chief, Cell Biology Section, Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institutes Of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Pancreatic Endocrine Tumors

Selma M.B. Jeronimo, MD, PhD
Professor of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil; Leishmaniasis

Mariell Jessup, MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Medical Director, Heart Failure/Transplant Program, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Cardiac Transplantation

Howard W. Jones III, MD
Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; Director of Gynecologic Oncology, Vanderbilt University Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; Gynecologic Cancers

Ralph F. Józefowicz, MD
Professor of Neurology and Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; Approach to the Patient with Neurologic Disease

Stephen G. Kaler, MD, MPH
Adjunct Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Pathology, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; Clinical Director, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Wilson's Disease

Hagop Kantarjian, MD
Chairman, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; The Chronic Leukemias

Albert Z. Kapikian, MD
Head, Epidemiology Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Rotaviruses, Noroviruses, and Other Gastrointestinal Viruses

David R. Karp, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Internal Medicine, Chief, Rheumatic Diseases Division, and Harold C. Simmons Chair in Arthritis Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Complement in Health and Disease

Daniel L. Kastner, MD, PhD
Chief, Genetics and Genomics Branch, and Clinical Director and Director of Translational Research, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; The Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases

Carol A. Kauffman, MD
Professor of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School; Chief, Infectious Diseases, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Histoplasmosis; Blastomycosis; Paracoccidioidomycosis; Cryptococcosis; Sporotrichosis; Candidiasis

Donald Kaye, MD
Professor of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Salmonella Infections (Including Typhoid Fever)

Keith S. Kaye, MD, MPH
Associate Professor of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; Salmonella Infections (Including Typhoid Fever)

James W. Kazura, MD
Professor, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine; Professor of Medicine, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio; Nematode Infections

Emmet B. Keeffe, MD, MACP
Professor of Medicine and Chief of Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine; Co-Director, Liver Transplant Program, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California; Hepatic Failure and Liver Transplantation

Craig M. Kessler, MD
Professor of Medicine and Pathology, Georgetown University School of Medicine; Director, Division of Coagulation, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC; Hemorrhagic Disorders: Coagulation Factor Deficiencies

Matthew Kim, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Thyroid

Charles H. King, MD, MS
Professor of International Health, Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Cestode Infections

Beth D. Kirkpatrick, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Vermont College of Medicine; Attending Physician, Fletcher Allen Health Care, Burlington, Vermont; Cryptosporidiosis

Samuel Klein, MD
William H. Danforth Professor of Medicine and Nutritional Science and Director, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Protein-Energy Malnutrition

David S. Knopman, MD
Professor of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; Consultant in Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Regional Cerebral Dysfunction: Higher Mental Functions; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias

Albert I. Ko, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of International Medicine and Infectious Disease, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York; Visiting Researcher, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Salvador, Brazil; Leptospirosis

Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis, MD, MSc
Professor, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Mycetoma

Kevin M. Korenblat, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Approach to the Patient with Jaundice or Abnormal Liver Test Results

Bruce R. Korf, MD, PhD
Wayne H. and Sara Crews Finley Professor of Medical Genetics and Chair, Department of Genetics, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama; Principles of Genetics: Overview of the Paradigm of Genetic Contribution to Health and Disease

Neil J. Korman, MD, PhD
Professor of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Attending Physician, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio; Macular, Papular, Vesiculobullous, and Pustular Diseases

Kris V. Kowdley, MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington; Inherited and Metabolic Hepatic Disorders

Matthew J. Kraay, MS, MD
Professor of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine; Director, Division of Joint Reconstruction and Arthritis Surgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio; Surgical Treatment of Joint Diseases

Monica Kraft, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine; Director, Duke Asthma, Allergy, and Airway Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Approach to the Patient with Respiratory Disease

Christopher M. Kramer, MD
Professor of Radiology and Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine; Director of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia; Nuclear Cardiology and Computed Tomography

Donald J. Krogstad, MD
William Henderson Professor and Chair of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine; Professor of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine; Attending Physician, Tulane University Hospital and Clinic, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Charity Hospital of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana; Malaria

Henry M. Kronenberg, MD
Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Chief, Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Polyglandular Disorders

Ernst J. Kuipers, MD, PhD
Chair, Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Acid Peptic Disease: Epidemiology and Pathobiology; Acid Peptic Disease: Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Complications

Ruben I. Kuzniecky, MD
Professor of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine; Co-Director, New York University Epilepsy Center, New York, New York; Congenital, Developmental, and Neurocutaneous Disorders

Robert A. Kyle, MD
Professor of Medicine, Laboratory Medicine, and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; Consultant, Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Plasma Cell Disorders

Paul Ladenson, MD
John Eager Howard Professor of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Professor of Medicine, Pathology, Oncology, and Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Director, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland; Thyroid

Nancy E. Lane, MD
Professor of Medicine and Rheumatology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine; Director, Aging Center, University of California at Davis Medical Center, Davis, California; Osteoarthritis

Anthony E. Lang, MD, FRCPC
Professor, Department of Medicine (Neurology); Director, Division of Neurology; Jack Clark Chair for Parkinson's Disease Research, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine; Director, Movement Disorders Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Parkinsonism; Other Movement Disorders

George V. Lawry, MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa; Approach to the Patient with Rheumatic Disease

Thomas H. Lee, MD, MSc
Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Network President, Partners Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts; Using Data for Clinical Decisions

William M. Lee, MD
Professor of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas; Toxin- and Drug-Induced Liver Disease

James Leggett, MD
Associate Professor of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University School of Medicine; Assistant Director, Medical Education, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, Oregon; Approach to Fever or Suspected Infection in the Normal Host

Bruce B. Lerman, MD
Hilda Altschul Master Professor of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University; Chief, Division of Cardiology, and Director, Cardiac Electrophysiology Laboratory, New York–Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York; Ventricular Arrhythmias

Stuart Levin, MD
Professor of Medicine, Rush Medical College of Rush University; Chairman, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois; Zoonoses

Stephanie M. Levine, MD
Professor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Audie L. Murphy Veterans Affairs Hospital, San Antonio, Texas; Alveolar Filling Disorders

Oliver Liesenfeld, MD
Professor of Medical Microbiology and Immunology of Infection and Head, Toxoplasmosis Counseling Laboratory, Charité Medical School, Berlin, Germany; Toxoplasmosis

Henry W. Lim, MD, DSc
Chairman and C. S. Livingood Chair, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan; Eczemas, Photodermatoses, Papulosquamous (Including Fungal) Diseases, and Figurate Erythemas

Aldo A.M. Lima, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará; Coordinator, Unidade de Pesquisas Cínicas, Universidate Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-Ceará, Brazil; Schistosomiasis (Bilharziasis)

Andrew H. Limper, MD
Professor of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; Consultant in Pulmonary and Critical Care, St. Mary's Hospital and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Overview of Pneumonia

Geoffrey S.F. Ling, MD, PhD
Professor and Vice-Chair of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland; Attending Physician in Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Critical Care Medicine and Director of Neurocritical Care, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC; Traumatic Brain Injury and Spinal Cord Injury

Scott M. Lippman, MD
Charles A. LeMaistre Distinguished Chair in Thoracic Oncology; Chair, Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology; Professor, Divisions of Cancer Medicine and Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Cancer Prevention

Alan F. List, MD
Professor of Medicine, University of South Florida College of Medicine; Division Chief, Malignant Hematology, and Co-Director, Infusion Center, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida; Myelodysplastic Syndrome

Richard F. Loeser, MD
Professor of Internal Medicine and Head, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Connective Tissue Structure and Function

Bennett Lorber, MD
Thomas M. Durant Professor of Medicine and Professor of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine; Chief, Section of Infectious Diseases, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Listeriosis

John M. Luce, MD
Professor of Medicine and Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine; Chief Medical Officer, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California; Respiratory Monitoring in Critical Care

Daniel R. Lucey, MD, MPH
Co-Director, Master of Science Program in Biohazardous Threat Agents and Emerging Infectious Diseases, and Adjunct Professor, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center; Director, Center for Biological Counterterrorism and Emerging Diseases, Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC; Anthrax

Bruce W. Lytle, MD
Professor of Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University; Chairman, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Surgical Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease

Adel A.F. Mahmoud, MD, PhD
Professor, Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey; Adjunct Professor of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Liver, Intestinal, and Lung Fluke Infections

Mark W. Mahowald, MD
Professor, Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School; Director, Minnesota Regional Sleep Disorders Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Disorders of Sleep

Juan-R. Malagelada, MD
Professor of Gastroenterology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Chief, Digestive Diseases, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Acid Peptic Disease: Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis

Stephen E. Malawista, MD
Professor of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Lyme Disease

Lionel A. Mandell, MD
Professor of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences at McMaster University: Department of Medicine, Attending Physician, Hamilton Health Sciences, Henderson Division, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Pneumococcal Pneumonia

Warren J. Manning, MD
Professor of Medicine and Radiology, Harvard Medical School; Section Chief, Non-invasive Cardiac Imaging, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Pericardial Disease

Peter Manu, MD
Professor of Clinical Medicine, Psychiatry, and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Director of Medical Services, Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore–Long Island Jewish Health System, Glen Oaks, New York; Medical Consultation in Psychiatry

Marsha D. Marcus, PhD
Professor of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Chief, Eating Disorders Program, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Eating Disorders

Ariane J. Marelli, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, McGill University Faculty of Medicine; Director, McGill Adult Unit for Congenital Heart Disease (MAUDE), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Congenital Heart Disease in Adults

George M. Martin, MD
Professor of Pathology Emeritus, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington; Biology of Aging

Joel B. Mason, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine and Nutrition, Tufts University School of Medicine; Attending Physician, Division of Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology, Tufts–New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Vitamins, Trace Minerals, and Other Micronutrients

Barry M. Massie, MD
Professor of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine; Chief, Cardiology Section, and Director, Heart Failure Program, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California; Heart Failure: Pathophysiology and Diagnosis

Henry Masur, MD
Clinical Professor of Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; Chief, Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Toby Maurer, MD
Associate Professor, Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine; Chief of Dermatology, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California; Skin Manifestations in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Mitchell B. Max, MD
Chief, Clinical Pain Research Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Pain

Charles E. McCulloch, PhD
Professor of Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California; Statistical Interpretation of Data

Margaret M. McGovern, MD, PhD
Professor of Genetics and Genomic Science and Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine; Attending Physician, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York; Lysosomal Storage Diseases

Michael A. McGuigan, MD, CM, MBA
Clinical Professor of Emergency Medicine, State University of New York, Stony Brook, School of Medicine, Stony Brook; Medical Director, Long Island Regional Poison & Drug Information Center, Winthrop-University Hospital, Mineola, New York; Chronic Poisoning: Trace Metals and Others

William McKenna, MD, DSc, FRCP
Professor of Cardiology, University College London; UCL Division of Medicine, Centre for Cardiology in the Young, Royal Free and University College Medical School; Clinical Director, The Heart Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Diseases of the Myocardium and Endocardium

Robert McMillan, MD
Professor Emeritus, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California; Hemorrhagic Disorders: Abnormalities of Platelet and Vascular Function

John J.V. McMurray, MD, FRCP
Professor of Medical Cardiology, University of Glasgow; Honorary Consultant Cardiologist, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Heart Failure: Management and Prognosis

Mary McNaughton-Collins, MD, MPH
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Associate Physician, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Benign Prostate Disease and Prostatitis

Steven J. Mentzer, MD
Associate Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School; Director, Thoracic Intensive Care Unit, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Surgical Approach to Lung Disease3

Frederick W. Miller, MD, PhD
Chief, Environmental Autoimmunity Group, Office of Clinical Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis

Kenneth L. Minaker, MD, FRCP
Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Chief, Geriatric Medicine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Common Clinical Sequelae of Aging

Michael Ming, MD, MSCE
Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Director, Pigmented Lesion Clinic, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Melanoma and Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers

Daniel R. Mishell, Jr., MD
Lyle G. McNiele Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California; Chief, Division of Family Planning, Women's and Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, California; Contraception

William E. Mitch, MD
Gordon A. Cain Chair in Nephrology and Director, Division of Nephrology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Chronic Kidney Disease

John F. Modlin, MD, MS
Professor of Pediatrics and Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School; Chairman, Department of Pediatrics, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire; Enterovirus Infections

Mark E. Molitch, MD
Professor of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; Attending Physician, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois; Neuroendocrinology and the Neuroendocrine System; Anterior Pituitary

Bruce A. Molitoris, MD
Professor of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Acute Kidney Injury

Kelly L. Molpus, MD
Director of Gynecologic Oncology, Halifax Medical Center, Daytona Beach, Florida; Gynecologic Cancers

Fred Morady, MD
Professor, University of Michigan Medical School; Director, Clinical Electrophysiology Service, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Electrophysiologic Interventional Procedures and Surgery

Jeffrey A. Moscow, MD
Children's Miracle Network Professor of Pediatrics and Chief, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine; Director, Experimental Therapeutics Program, Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, Kentucky; Biology of Cancer

Michael A. Moskowitz, MD
Professor of Neurology and Faculty Member, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology; Associate Neurologist and Associate Neurophysiologist, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Headaches and Other Head Pain

Andrew H. Murr, MD
Professor of Clinical Otolaryngology and Vice Chairman, Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine; Chief of Service, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California; Approach to the Patient with Nose, Sinus, and Ear Disorders

Hyman B. Muss, MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine and Vermont Cancer Center; Attending Physician, Fletcher Allen Health Care, Burlington, Vermont; Breast Cancer and Differential Diagnosis of Benign Lesions

Robert J. Myerburg, MD
Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Approach to Cardiac Arrest and Life-Threatening Arrhythmias

Ronald L. Nagel, MD
Professor, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, and Irving D. Karpas Professor of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University; Head of Hematology, Montefiore Hospital, Bronx, New York; Methemoglobinemias and Unstable Hemoglobins

Stanley Naguwa, MD
Clinical Professor of Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, California; Sjögren's Syndrome

Stanley J. Naides, MD
Medical Director, Immunology Research and Development, Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, California; Arthropod-Borne Viruses Causing Fever and Rash Syndromes

Avindra Nath, MBBS
Professor of Neurology and Neuroscience and Director of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr Virus, and Slow Virus Infections of the Central Nervous System; Neurologic Complications of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection; Brain Abscess and Parameningeal Infections; Acute Viral Encephalitis; Poliomyelitis; Rabies

Eric G. Neilson, MD
Chairman, Department of Medicine, and Hugh Jackson Morgan Professor of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; Physician-in-Chief, Vanderbilt University Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; Tubulointerstitial Diseases

Heidi Nelson, MD
Professor of Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; Consultant, Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, and Fred C. Anderson Professor of Surgery, Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota; Diseases of the Rectum and Anus

Brent A. Neuschwander-Tetri, MD
Professor of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Bacterial, Parasitic, Fungal, and Granulomatous Liver Diseases

Franklin A. Neva, MD
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas' Disease)

James R. Newland, MD
Professor Emeritus of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center; Courtesy Staff, University of Nebraska Hospital, Omaha, Nebraska; The Peripheral Blood Smear

Thomas B. Newman, MD, MPH
Professor of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine; Attending Physician, University of California, San Francisco, Children's Medical Center and San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California; Statistical Interpretation of Data

John Newsom-Davis, MD
Professor Emeritus, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Disorders of Neuromuscular Transmission

Lynnette K. Nieman, MD
Senior Investigator, Reproductive Biology and Medicine Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Adrenal Cortex

S. Ragnar Norrby, MD, PhD
Director General, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Solna, Sweden; Approach to the Patient with Urinary Tract Infection

David A. Norris, MD
Professor and Chairman, Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado; Structure and Function of the Skin

Susan O'Brien, MD
Professor of Medicine, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; The Chronic Leukemias

Francis G. O'Connor, MD, MPH
Associate Professor of Family Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland; Rhabdomyolysis

Patrick G. O'Connor, MD, MPH
Professor of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine; Chief, Section of General Internal Medicine, Yale–New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut; Alcohol Abuse and Dependence

James R. O'Dell, MD
Larson Professor of Medicine, University of Nebraska College of Medicine; Chief, Section of Rheumatology and Immunology and Vice-Chairman, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; Rheumatoid Arthritis

Jeffrey E. Olgin, MD
Associate Professor and Melvin Scheinman Chair in Electrophysiology, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California; Approach to the Patient with Suspected Arrhythmia

Jeffrey W. Olin, DO
Professor of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine; Director, Vascular Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York; Other Peripheral Arterial Diseases

Richard J. O'Reilly, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, Weill Medical College of Cornell University; Chairman, Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Aplastic Anemia and Related Disorders

Walter A. Orenstein, MD
Professor of Medicine and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine; Associate Director, Emory Vaccine Center, Atlanta, Georgia; Immunization

Roy C. Orlando, MD
Professor of Medicine and Adjunct Professor of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine; Chief, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana; Diseases of the Esophagus

Catherine M. Otto, MD
J. Ward Kennedy-Hamilton Endowed Professor of Cardiology, Professor of Medicine, and Director, Cardiovascular Fellowship Training Program, University of Washington School of Medicine; Associate Director, Echocardiography Laboratory, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington; Echocardiography

Joseph G. Ouslander, MD
Professor of Medicine and Director, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Emory University School of Medicine; Chief Medical Officer, Wesley Woods Center of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Urinary Incontinence

Chung Owyang, MD
Professor of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Pancreatitis

Stephen A. Paget, MD
Professor of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University; Physician-in-Chief and Chairman, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York; Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Temporal Arteritis

Peter G. Pappas, MD, FACP
Professor of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama; Dematiaceous Fungal Infections

Joseph E. Parrillo, MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey Robert Wood Johnson Medical School; Head, Division of Cardiovascular Disease and Critical Care Medicine; Director, Cooper Heart Institute; Director, Cardiovascular and Critical Care Service, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey; Approach to the Patient with Shock

Pankaj Jay Pasricha, MD
Professor of Medicine and Chief, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

Steven Z. Pavletic, MD
Head, Graft-versus-Host and Autoimmunity Unit, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Richard D. Pearson, MD, FACP
Professor of Medicine and Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine; Professor of Medicine and Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia; Antiparasitic Therapy; Leishmaniasis; Babesiosis and Other Protozoan Diseases

Eli N. Perencevich, MD, MS
Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Attending Physician, Veterans Affairs Maryland Healthcare System, Baltimore, Maryland; Enterococcal Infections

Trish M. Perl, MD, MSc
Associate Professor of Medicine and Pathology Hospital Epidemiologist, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland; Enterococcal Infections

Michael C. Perry, MD, MS, FACP
Professor of Internal Medicine, Director of Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, and Nellie B. Smith Chair of Oncology, University of Missouri School of Medicine; Deputy Director, Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, Columbia, Missouri; Principles of Cancer Therapy

William A. Petri, Jr., MD, PhD
Wade Hampton Frost Professor of Epidemiology; Professor of Medicine, Microbiology, and Pathology; Chief, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine; Attending Physician, University of Virginia Hospitals, Charlottesville, Virginia; Relapsing Fever and Other Borrelia Infections

Marc A. Pfeffer, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Heart Failure: Management and Prognosis

James M. Phang, MD
Chief, Metabolism and Cancer Susceptibility Section, Laboratory of Comparative Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland; The Hyperprolinemias and Hydroxyprolinemia

Perry J. Pickhardt, MD
Associate Professor of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; Adjunct Assistant Professor of Radiology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland; Diagnostic Imaging Procedures in Gastroenterology

Gerald B. Pier, PhD
Professor of Medicine, Microbiology, and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School; Microbiologist, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Pseudomonas and Related Gram-Negative Bacillary Infections

Peter Piot, MD, PhD
Executive Director, UNAIDS, Geneva, Switzerland; Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: A Global Overview

David S. Pisetsky, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine and Immunology and Chief of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center; Chief of Rheumatology, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Laboratory Testing in the Rheumatic Diseases

Marshall Posner, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Medical Director, Head and Neck Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Head and Neck Cancer

Don W. Powell, MD
Professor of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Program Director, General Clinical Research Center, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Approach to the Patient with Diarrhea and Malabsorption

Charlene Prather, MD
Associate Professor of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Inflammatory and Anatomic Diseases of the Intestine, Peritoneum, Mesentery, and Omentum

Deborah D. Proctor, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, and Director, Gastroenterology Fellowship Training Program, Yale University School of Medicine; Attending Physician, Yale–New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut; Approach to the Patient with Gastrointestinal Disease

Basil A. Pruitt, Jr., MD
Professor of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine; Bethesda, Maryland; Clinical Professor of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Staff Surgeon, University Hospital, San Antonio; Surgical Consultant, U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas; Electric Injury

Reed E. Pyeritz, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine and Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Chief, Division of Medical Genetics, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Inherited Diseases of Connective Tissue

Anastacio de Queiroz Sousa, MD
Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Ceará; Physician, Hospital Saõ José for Infectious Disease, Ceará, Brazil; Leishmaniasis

Peter J. Quesenberry, MD
Professor of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Professor of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Director, Adele R. Decof Cancer Center and Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island; Hematopoiesis and Hematopoietic Growth Factors

Thomas C. Quinn, MD, MSc
Professor of Medicine, International Health, Epidemiology, and Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Director, Johns Hopkins Center for Global Health, Baltimore; Senior Investigator, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, and Associate Director for International Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness); Epidemiology of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Ganesh Raghu, MD, FACP, FCCP
Professor of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine (Adjunct), University of Washington School of Medicine; Chief, Chest Clinic, and Medical Director, Lung Transplant Program, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington; Interstitial Lung Disease

S. Vincent Rajkumar, MD
Professor of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; Consultant, Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Plasma Cell Disorders

Didier Raoult, MD, PhD
Professor, Faculty of Medicine, Marseilles School of Medicine; Head Clinical Microbiology Department, Hôpital La Timone, Marseilles, France; Rickettsioses

Robert W. Rebar, MD
Volunteer Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama; Ovaries and Development; Menstrual Cycle and Fertility

Annette C. Reboli, MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey Robert Wood Johnson Medical School; Head, Infectious Diseases Division, and Hospital Epidemiologist, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey; Erysipelothrix Infections

Donald Redelmeier, MD, FRCP
Professor of Medicine and Canada Research Chair, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine; Staff Physician, Division of General Internal Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Science Center; Director of Clinical Epidemiology, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Postoperative Care and Complications

John J. Reilly, Jr., MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Acting Chief, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Surgical Approach to Lung Disease

Michael F. Rein, MD
Jordan Professor of Epidemiology in Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia; Approach to the Patient with a Sexually Transmitted Disease

David A. Relman, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford; Chief, Infectious Diseases, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California; Disease Caused by Bartonella Species

Herbert Y. Reynolds, MD
Professor Emeritus, Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; Adjunct Professor of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Bethesda; Medical Officer, Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Respiratory Structure and Function: Mechanisms and Testing

Robert A. Rizza, MD
Professor of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota; Hypoglycemia/Pancreatic Islet Cell Disorders

Lewis R. Roberts, MB ChB, PhD
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; Assistant Professor of Medicine and Consultant, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Liver and Biliary Tract Tumors

Griffin P. Rodgers, MD, MSc
Chief, Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Hemoglobinopathies: The Thalassemias

John L. Rombeau, MD
Professor of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Attending Physician, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Enteral Nutrition

G. David Roodman, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Director, Center for Bone Biology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Vice Chair for Research, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Paget's Disease of Bone

Clifford Rosen, MD
Professor of Nutrition, University of Maine, Orono; Senior Staff Scientist, The Jackson Laboratory, Bangor, Maine; Osteoporosis

Marc E. Rothenberg, MD, PhD
Professor of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Director, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Eosinophilic Syndromes

Hope S. Rugo, MD
Clinical Professor of Medicine and Director, Breast Oncology Clinical Trials Program, University of California, San Francisco, Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California; Paraneoplastic Syndromes and Other Non-neoplastic Effects of Cancer

James A. Russell, MD, FRCPC
Professor, Department of Medicine and James Hugg Centre for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine; Intensivist, Critical Care Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Shock Syndromes Related to Sepsis

Anil K. Rustgi, MD
T. Girier Miller Professor of Medicine and Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Chief of Gastroenterology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Neoplasms of the Stomach

Robert A. Salata, MD
Professor and Vice-Chair, Department of Medicine, and Chief, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine; Attending Physician and Consultant, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio; Brucellosis

Jane E. Salmon, MD
Professor of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University; Attending Physician and Senior Scientist, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York; Mechanisms of Immune-Mediated Tissue Injury

Jeffrey H. Samet, MD, MA, MPH
Professor of Medicine and Social and Behavioral Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine and School of Public Health; Chief, Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Drug Abuse and Dependence

Jonathan M. Samet, MD, MS
Professor and Chair, Department of Epidemiology; Director, Institute for Global Tobacco Control; Co-Director, Risk Sciences and Public Policy Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Occupational Pulmonary Disorders

Renato M. Santos, MD
Assistant Professor of Internal Medicine and Associate Director, Cardiovascular Training Program, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Vascular Disorders of the Kidney

Clifford B. Saper, MD, PhD
James Jackson Putnam Professor of Neurology and Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School; Chairman, Department of Neurology, and Neurologist-in-Chief, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Autonomic Disorders and Their Management

Michael N. Sawka, PhD
Chief, Thermal & Mountain Medicine Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts; Disorders Due to Heat and Cold

Paul E. Sax, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Clinical Director, Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Immunopathogenesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Andrew I. Schafer, MD
The E. Hugh Luckey Distinguished Professor of Medicine and Chairman, Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University; Physician-in-Chief, New York–Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York; Approach to the Patient with Bleeding and Thrombosis; Hemorrhagic Disorders: Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation, Liver Failure, and Vitamin K Deficiency; Thrombotic Disorders: Hypercoagulable States

William Schaffner, MD
Professor and Chair, Department of Preventive Medicine, and Professor of Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Tularemia and Other Francisella Infectious

W. Michael Scheld, MD
Bayer–Gerald L. Mandell Professor of Infectious Diseases, Professor of Internal Medicine and Clinical Professor of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia; Introduction to Microbial Disease: Host-Pathogen Interactions

Randolph B. Schiffer, MD
The Vernon and Elizabeth Haggerton Chair in Neurology and Chair, Department of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Science, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center; Chief of Neurology and Psychiatry, University Medical Center, Lubbock, Texas; Psychiatric Disorders in Medical Practice

David Schlossberg, MD
Professor of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine; Adjunct Professor of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Medical Director, Tuberculosis Control Program, Department of Public Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Arthropods and Leeches

Thomas J. Schnitzer, MD, PhD
Professor and Assistant Dean for Clinical Research, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Osteoarthritis

Robert T. Schooley, MD
Professor of Medicine and Head, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California; Epstein-Barr Virus Infection

David L. Schriger, MD, MPH
Professor, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Attending Physician, UCLA Emergency Medicine Center, Los Angeles, California; Approach to the Patient with Abnormal Vital Signs

Steven A. Schroeder, MD
Distinguished Professor of Health and Health Care, Department of Medicine, and Director, Smoking Cessation Leadership Center, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California; Socioeconomic Issues in Medicine

Lynn Schuchter, MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Melanoma and Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers

Sam Schulman, MD, PhD
Thrombosis Service, McMaster Clinics, Hamilton Health Sciences General Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Antithrombotic Therapy

Frederick L. Schuster, PhD
Research Scientist, California Department of Health Services, Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, Richmond, California; Amebiasis

Lawrence B. Schwartz, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine, Medical College of Virginia Campus of Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia; Systemic Anaphylaxis, Food Allergy, and Insect Sting Allergy

Robert S. Schwartz, MD
Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine; Deputy Editor, New England Journal of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Autoimmune and Intravascular Hemolytic Anemias

Cynthia L. Sears, MD
Professor of Medicine, Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Attending Physician, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland; Cryptosporidiosis; Giardiasis

Carlos Seas, MD
Associate Professor, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; Attending Physician, Department of Infectious, Tropical, and Dermatologic Diseases, Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Cholera and Other Vibrio Infections

Margretta R. Seashore, MD
Professor of Genetics and Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine; Attending Physician, Yale–New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut; Genetic Risk Assessment

Julian L. Seifter, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Physician, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Potassium Disorders; Acid-Base Disorders

Steven A. Seifert, MD
Professor, University of New Mexico School of Medicine; Director, New Mexico Poison and Drug Information Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Venomous Snake Bites

Clay F. Semenkovich, MD
Herbert S. Gasser Professor and Chief, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Disorders of Lipid Metabolism

Carol E. Semrad, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine; Attending Physician, The University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago, Illinois; Approach to the Patient with Diarrhea and Malabsorption

F. John Service, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; Consultant in Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Hypoglycemia/Pancreatic Islet Cell Disorders

George M. Shaw, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama; Biology of Human Immunodeficiency Viruses

Steven A. Shea, PhD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Director, Sleep Disorders Research Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Disorders of Ventilatory Control

Robert S. Sherwin, MD
C. N. H. Long Professor of Medicine; Director, Yale Center for Clinical Investigation; Director, Diabetes Endocrinology Research Center; Interim Chief, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine; Attending Physician, Yale–New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut; Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus; Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Michael E. Shy, MD
Professor of Neurology and Professor of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine; Co-Director, Neuromuscular Division, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan; Peripheral Neuropathies

Wilmer L. Sibbitt, Jr., MD
Professor, Internal Medicine, Rheumatology, and Neurology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Multifocal Fibrosclerosis

Michael S. Simberkoff, MD
Professor of Medicine and Assistant Dean for Veterans Affairs, New York University School of Medicine; Chief of Staff, Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, New York; Haemophilus and Moraxella Infections

David L. Simel, MD, MHS
Professor of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine; Associate Chief of Staff for Ambulatory Care, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Approach to the Patient: History and Physical Examination

Roger P. Simon, MD
Adjunct Professor Neurology, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University School of Medicine; Robert Stowe Dow Chair of Neurology and Director, Dow Neurobiology Laboratories, Legacy Research, Portland Oregon; Syncope; Coma and Disorders of Arousal

Karl Skorecki, MD
Annie Chutick Professor of Medicine, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Director of Medical and Research Development, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; Cell and Gene Therapy; Disorders of Sodium and Water Homeostasis

Arthur S. Slutsky, MD
Professor of Medicine, Surgery, and Biomedical Engineering and Director, Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine; Vice-President for Research, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Acute Respiratory Failure; Mechanical Ventilation

Eric J. Small, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine and Urology, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California; Prostate Cancer

Gerald W. Smetana, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Principles of Medical Consultation

Susan B. Sorenson, PhD
Professor of Social Policy, School of Social Policy and Practice, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Violence and Injury

Frederick S. Southwick, MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine; Chief of Infectious Diseases, Shands Hospital at the University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Nocardiosis

P. Frederick Sparling, MD
Professor of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine; Director, North Carolina Sexually Transmitted Diseases Cooperative Research Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Gonococcal Infections

Stephen A. Spector, MD
Professor of Pediatrics; Section Chief, Division of Infectious Diseases; Director, Mother-Child-Adolescent HIV Program, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine; Member, University of California, San Diego, Center for AIDS Research, La Jolla, California; Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Pregnancy

Susan S. Spencer, MD
Professor of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine; Director, Clinical Epilepsy Service, Yale–New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut; Seizures and Epilepsy

Robert F. Spiera, MD
Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University; Director, Vasculitis and Scleroderma, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York; Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Temporal Arteritis

Paul Stark, MD
Professor of Clinical Radiology, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine; Chief of Cardiothoracic Radiology Section, Veterans Affairs San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, California; Imaging in Pulmonary Disease

Lynne S. Steinbach, MD
Professor of Radiology and Orthopaedic Surgery and Chief, Musculoskeletal Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California; Imaging Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases

Martin H. Steinberg, MD
Professor of Medicine, Pediatrics, Pathology, and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine; Director, Center of Excellence in Sickle Cell Disease, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Sickle Cell Disease and Associated Hemoglobinopathies

Beat Steinmann, MD
Professor in Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Zurich; Division of Metabolism and Molecular Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Disorders of Fructose Metabolism

William F. Stenson, MD
Professor of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine; Attending Physician, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri; Inflammatory Bowel Disease

David A. Stevens, MD
Professor of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford; Chief, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center; President, California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, California; Systemic Antifungal Agents; Aspergillosis; Mucormycosis

Dennis L. Stevens, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington; Chief, Infectious Disease Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Boise, Idaho; Streptococcal Infections

John H. Stone, MD, MPH
Instructor, Harvard Medical School; Associate in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; The Systemic Vasculitides

Stephen E. Straus, MD∗
Director, National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Roland W. Sutter, MD, MPH&TM
Coordinator, Research and Product Development, Polio Eradication Initiative, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Diphtheria and Other Corynebacteria Infections

Morton N. Swartz, MD
Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; James Jackson Firm Chief, Medical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Meningitis: Bacterial, Viral, and Other

Ronald S. Swerdloff, MD
Professor of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles; Chief, Division of Endocrinology, and Associate Chair of Medicine, Harbor–UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California; The Testis and Male Sexual Function

Megan Sykes, MD
Harold and Ellen Danser Professor of Surgery and Professor of Medicine (Immunology), Harvard Medical School; Immunologist, Departments of Surgery and Medicine (Immunology), and Associate Director, Transplantation Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Transplantation Immunology

Nicholas J. Talley, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota; Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Dyspepsia, and Noncardiac Chest Pain

Thomas A. Tami, MD, FACS
Director, Cincinnati Sinus Institute, Good Samaritan Hospital–Trihealth, Cincinnati, Ohio; Throat Disorders

Victor F. Tapson, MD
Professor of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine; Director, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Pulmonary Embolism

Victoria M. Taylor, MD, MPH
Full Member, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Cultural Context of Medicine

Ayalew Tefferi, MD
Professor of Medicine and Hematology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; Consultant, Hematology and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Nonhemolytic Normochromic, Normocytic Anemias; Polycythemias; Myeloproliferative Disorders: Essential Thrombocythemia and Primary Myelofibrosis

Paul S. Teirstein, MD, FRCP
Visiting Professor of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York; Chief of Cardiology and Director, Interventional Cardiology, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, California; Percutaneous Coronary Interventions

Margaret Tempero, MD
Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California; Pancreatic Cancer

Robert Terkeltaub, MD
Professor of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla; Chief, Rheumatology Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, California; Crystal Deposition Diseases

Pierre Théroux, MD, FACC, FRCPC, FAHA
Professor of Medicine, University of Montreal Faculty of Medicine; Cardiologist, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Angina Pectoris

Michael J. Thun, MD, MS
Rollins School of Public Health and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University; Vice President of Epidemiology and Surveillance Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia; Epidemiology of Cancer

C. Craig Tisher, MD
Dean, College of Medicine; Folke H. Peterson/Dean's Distinguished Professor; Professor of Medicine, Pathology, and Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine; Attending Physician, Shands Hospital, Gainesville, Florida; Structure and Function of the Kidneys

Nina Tolkoff-Rubin, MD
Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Medical Director for Renal Transplantation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Treatment of Irreversible Renal Failure

John J. Treanor, MD
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry; Attending Physician, Strong Memorial Hospital, Rochester, New York; Adenovirus Diseases

Arthur C. Upton, MD
Clinical Professor of Environmental and Community Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey; Radiation Injury

Greet Van den Berghe, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine, Catholic University of Leuven; Director, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Parenteral Nutrition

Joseph G. Verbalis, MD
Professor of Medicine and Physiology, Georgetown University School of Medicine; Interim Chair, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Posterior Pituitary

Ronald G. Victor, MD
Professor of Medicine, Norman and Audrey Kaplan Chair in Hypertension, and Chief, Division of Hypertension, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Arterial Hypertension

Angela Vincent, MBBS
Professor of Neuroimmunology, University of Oxford; Professor of Neuroimmunology, Oxford Radcliffe Hospital Trust; Professor of Neuroimmunology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom; Disorders of Neuromuscular Transmission

Paul A. Volberding, MD, FACP
Professor of Medicine and Co-Director, Center for AIDS Research, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine; Chief, Medical Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California; Hematology and Oncology in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Julie M. Vose, MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Robert M. Wachter, MD
Professor, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine; Chief of the Medical Service, University of California, San Francisco, Medical Center, San Francisco, California; Quality of Care and Safety of Patients

Bruce D. Walker, MD
Professor of Medicine and Director, Division of AIDS, Harvard Medical School; Director, Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Immunopathogenesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Edward E. Walsh, MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry; Physician, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, New York; Respiratory Syncytial Virus; Parainflueneza Viral Disease

Christina Wang, MD
Professor of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles; Program Director, General Clinical Research Center, Harbor–UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California; The Testis and Male Sexual Function

Stephen I. Wasserman, MD
Professor of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California; Approach to the Patient with Allergic or Immunologic Disease

David D. Waters, MD
Maurice Eliaser, Jr., Distinguished Professor of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine; Chief of Cardiology, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California; Acute Coronary Syndrome: Unstable Angina and Non–ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Steven E. Weinberger, MD
Adjunct Professor of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Senior Vice President for Medical Education and Publishing, American College of Physicians, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Sarcoidosis

Myron L. Weisfeldt, MD
William Osler Professor of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Director, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland; Cardiac Function and Circulatory Control

Michael J. Welsh, MD
Professor of Internal Medicine and of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa; Investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland; Cystic Fibrosis

Richard P. Wenzel, MD
Professor and Chairman, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College of Virginia Campus of Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia; Acute Bronchitis and Tracheitis

Victoria P. Werth, MD
Professor of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Chief, Department of Dermatology, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Principles of Therapy

Sterling G. West, MD
Professor of Medicine and Rheumatology Fellowship Program Director, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado; Systemic Diseases in Which Arthritis Is a Feature

Cornelia M. Weyand, MD, PhD
David Lowance Professor of Medicine and Director, Kathleen B. and Mason I. Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; The Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems

David P. White, MD
Gerald E. McGinnis Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Chief Medical Officer, Respironics, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Disorders of Ventilatory Control

Perrin C. White, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Chief of Endocrinology, Children's Medical Center Dallas, Dallas, Texas; Disorders of Sexual Differentiation

Richard J. Whitley, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, Microbiology, Medicine, and Neurosurgery and Loeb Eminent Scholar Chair in Pediatrics, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama; Herpes Simplex Virus Infections

Michael P. Whyte, MD
Professor of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine; Medical Scientific Director, Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, Missouri; Osteonecrosis, Osteosclerosis/Hyperostosis, and Other Disorders of Bone

Jeanine P. Wiener-Kronish, MD
Professor of Anesthesia and Medicine and Vice-Chairman, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California; Overview of Anesthesia

Fredrick M. Wigley, MD
Professor of Medicine and Associate Director, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Director, Johns Hopkins Scleroderma Center, Baltimore, Maryland; Scleroderma (Systemic Sclerosis)

Alexander Wilmer, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine, Catholic University of Leuven, Chef de Clinic—Internal Medicine, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Parenteral Nutrition

William Winkenwerder, MD, MBA
Washington, DC; Disorders Due to Heat and Cold

Joseph I. Wolfsdorf, MB, BCh
Professor of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School; Clinical Director and Associate Chief, Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts; Glycogen Storage Diseases

Steven H. Woolf, MD, MPH
Professor of Family Medicine, Epidemiology, and Community Health, Medical College of Virginia Campus of Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia; Principles of Preventive Health Care

John J. Wysolmerski, MD
Associate Professor of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine; Attending Physician, Yale Bone Center, Yale–New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut; The Parathyroid Glands, Hypercalcemia, and Hypocalcemia

Lowell S. Young, MD
Clinical Professor of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine; Director, Kuzell Institute for Arthritis and Infectious Diseases, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California; Approach to Fever and Suspected Infection in the Compromised Host

Neal S. Young, MD
Chief, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; B19 Parvovirus

William F. Young, Jr., MD, MSc
Professor of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; Consultant, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Adrenal Medulla, Catecholamines, and Pheochromocytoma

Alan S.L. Yu, MB, BChir
Associate Professor of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Disorders of Magnesium and Phosphorus

Mark L. Zeidel, MD
Herrman L. Blumgart Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Chair, Department of Medicine, and Physician-in-Chief, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Obstructive Uropathy

Martin Zeidler, MB, MRCP, DM, FRCP (Edinburgh)
Consultant Neurologist, Victoria Hospital, Kirkcaldy, United Kingdom; Prion Diseases

Justin A. Zivin, MD, PhD
Professor of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla; Staff Physician, San Diego Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, California; Approach to Cerebrovascular Diseases; Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease; Hemorrhagic Cerebrovascular Disease

Kenneth S. Zuckerman, MD
Professor of Oncology, Internal Medicine, and Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida College of Medicine; Harold H. Davis Professor of Cancer Research, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida; Approach to the Anemias

∗ deceased