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necrosis (ne·cro·sis) (nә-kro´sis) pl. necro´ses [Gr. nekrōsis deadness] the sum of the morphological changes indicative of cell death and caused by the progressive degradative action of enzymes; it may affect groups of cells or part of a structure or an organ.
acute pancreatic necrosis
acute necrotizing pancreatitis.
acute tubular necrosis
acute renal failure with mild to severe damage or necrosis of tubule cells, usually secondary to either nephrotoxicity, ischemia after major surgery, trauma (
crush syndrome), severe hypovolemia, sepsis, or burns.
arteriolar necrosis
arteriolonecrosis.
aseptic necrosis
increasing sclerosis and cystic changes in the head of the femur which sometimes follow traumatic dislocation of the hip.
A similar condition sometimes develops in the head of the humerus after shoulder dislocation.
avascular necrosis
coagulation n.
avascular necrosis of bone
osteonecrosis.
bacillary necrosis
necrobacillosis.
bridging necrosis
septa of confluent necrosis bridging adjacent central veins and portal triads of hepatic lobules, a characteristic of
subacute hepatic necrosis.
caseation necrosis
, caseous necrosis
caseation (def. 2).
central necrosis
necrosis of the central portion of a cell, a bone, or a lobule of the liver.
cerebrocortical necrosis
polioencephalomalacia.
cheesy necrosis
caseation (def. 2).
coagulation necrosis
, coagulative necrosis
necrosis in which tissue becomes a dry, opaque, eosinophilic mass containing the outlines of anucleated cells, resulting from
the denaturation of proteins following hypoxic injury, such as that caused by ischemia in infarction. Called also
avascular n. and
ischemic n.
colliquative necrosis
liquefactive n.
contraction band necrosis
a cardiac lesion seen in patients with neurologically induced cardiographic changes, in myocardial biopsy specimens, and in
cocaine or epinephrine toxicity, characterized by hypercontracted myofibrils with contraction bands and mitochondrial damage;
it is caused by calcium ion influx into dying cells, which results in the arrest of cells in the contracted state, following
severe ischemia and subsequent reperfusion. Called also
coagulative myocytolysis.
cystic medial necrosis
changes in the medial layer of the aorta, consisting of degeneration and necrosis of elastic and muscle fibers, mucoid infiltration,
and cyst formation, often resulting in dissecting aneurysm; called also
Erdheim disease and
medionecrosis of aorta.
dietary hepatic necrosis
hepatosis dietetica.
dry necrosis
that in which the necrotic tissue becomes dry.
enzymatic fat necrosis
fat n.
epiphyseal ischemic necrosis
degeneration and eventual replacement of the osseous nucleus of an epiphysis, which collapses under pressure and causes distortion
of the surrounding healthy tissue; attributed to interference with the blood supply of the epiphysis. It may affect the femur,
tibia, tarsal navicular head, humerus, etc. Called also osteochondrosis.
Erdheim cystic medial necrosis
changes in the medial layer of the aorta, consisting of degeneration and necrosis of elastic and muscle fibers, mucoid infiltration,
and cyst formation, often resulting in dissecting aneurysm; called also
medionecrosis of aorta.
exanthematous necrosis
an acute necrotizing process involving the gingivae, jaw bones, and contiguous soft tissues, which primarily affects children;
it resembles gangrenous stomatitis, except that there is slight odor, a tendency to be self-limited, a low mortality rate,
and a normal leukocyte count.
fat necrosis
a condition in which the neutral fats in the cells of adipose tissue are split by enzymatic action into fatty acids and glycerol,
producing minute, chalky white areas where the released fatty acids react with calcium, magnesium, and sodium ions to form
soaps; it usually affects the pancreas and peripancreatic fat in acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis. Called also steatonecrosis.
fibrinoid necrosis
deposition of fibrin and other plasma proteins in the walls of afferent renal arterioles in
malignant hypertension, often accompanied by an inflammatory infiltrate within the walls and thrombosis of the vessel lumen. Called also
necrotizing arteriolitis.
focal necrosis
the presence of small foci of necrosis, such as in bone, the lung, or the liver in the course of an infection.
gangrenous necrosis
cell death caused by a combination of ischemia and superimposed bacterial infection, combining the features of coagulation
and colliquative necrosis.
gangrenous pulp necrosis
necrosis of the pulp tissue due to ischemia with superimposed bacterial infection, representing an advanced stage of untreated
pulpitis. Called also
pulp gangrene. See also
necrotic pulp, under pulp.
hyaline necrosis
Zenker degeneration.
infectious bulbar necrosis
heel abscess.
infectious pancreatic necrosis
an acute disease affecting fry and young fish, originally seen in salmonids, but also affecting non-salmonids and shellfish,
caused by the
infectious pancreatic necrosis virus. It is characterized by darkened pigmentation, whirling about the long axis, and massive necrosis of the pancreas, pylorus,
and anterior intestine, with the formation of a white exudate.
ischemic necrosis
coagulation n.
ischemic necrosis of bone
osteonecrosis.
labial necrosis of rabbits
a fatal necrobacillosis of rabbits that begins in the lower lip and extends down to the thorax.
liquefaction necrosis
, liquefactive necrosis
necrosis in which the necrotic material becomes softened and liquefied; called also
colliquative n.
massive hepatic necrosis
extensive necrosis of the liver, a rare, usually fatal complication of
fulminant hepatitis, exposure to hepatotoxins, or drug hypersensitivity. A lobe or the entire liver shrinks, becoming soft, flabby, and yellow to green in color with a wrinkled capsule; there is
confluent necrosis of
liver cells, often with
fatty change.
medial necrosis
medionecrosis.
mercurial necrosis
necrosis due to
mercury poisoning.
mummification necrosis
dry gangrene.
Paget quiet necrosis
a process of local necrosis and sequestrum formation in the superficial layers of the shaft of a long bone with a minimal
amount of suppuration around the sequestrum and without sinus formation.
peripheral necrosis
necrosis of the peripheral portion of an organ, such as of a liver lobule in
puerperal eclampsia.
phosphorus necrosis
necrosis of the jaw, sometimes associated with deposition of new subperiosteal bone, occurring in workers exposed to yellow
phosphorus fumes. Called also phosphonecrosis and
phossy jaw.
piecemeal necrosis
destruction of
liver cells at the interface between liver parenchyma and
portal triads, usually associated with lymphocytic infiltration; it is characteristic of severe
chronic active hepatitis and
primary biliary cirrhosis.
postpartum pituitary necrosis
necrosis of the pituitary during the postpartum period, often associated with shock and excessive uterine bleeding during
delivery, and leading to variable patterns of hypopituitarism; called also
Sheehan syndrome.
pressure necrosis
necrosis due to insufficient local blood supply, as in
pressure ulcers.
necrosis progre´diens
progressive sloughing.
progressive emphysematous necrosis
gas gangrene.
radiation necrosis
radionecrosis.
radium necrosis
necrosis of bones due to exposure to radium, formerly common in workers in radium plants.
renal cortical necrosis
necrosis of the
renal cortex due to ischemia, often following
acute tubular necrosis; it is usually seen as a complication of an obstetric condition such as abruptio placentae, septic abortion, preeclampsia,
retained fetus, or amniotic fluid embolism.
necrosis of renal papillae
, renal papillary necrosis
an accompaniment of
acute pyelonephritis, most often seen in diabetics, characterized by necrosis of the
renal papillae of one or both kidneys, with sharp demarcation between necrotic and living tissue. Called also
necrotizing papillitis and necrotizing renal papillitis.
septic necrosis
necrosis resulting from bacterial infection.
subacute hepatic necrosis
any of a small group of
viral hepatitis cases characterized by
bridging necrosis and an increased incidence of progression to
chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis, or liver failure. Called also
submassive hepatic n.
subcutaneous fat necrosis of newborn
a rare type of
predominantly lobular panniculitis seen in neonates, with nodules and indurated patches at various places on the skin, which usually resolve spontaneously within
a few months. Called also
adiponecrosis subcutanea neonatorum.
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Subcutaneous fat necrosis of newborn.
submassive hepatic necrosis
subacute hepatic n.
superficial necrosis
that which affects only the outer layers of a bone.
total necrosis
that which affects all parts of a bone.
necrosis ustilagi´nea
dry gangrene from ergotism.
Zenker necrosis
see under
degeneration.
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